Before we even consider French, let’s start off looking at some sentences in English:
How is he? There is something for him.
How are they? There is something for them.
How are you? There is something for you.
See how in English, when you are talking about he or they in the first sentence, those words change to him or them in the second sentence. But when you are talking about you, the word stays the same in the second sentence. When you translate that last sentence into French however, the word for you does change:
Comment vas-tu ? Il y a quelque chose pour toi.
That is the root cause of why some English speakers struggle to understand the difference between tu and toi. So, suppose you want to say “How are you?” in French, how do you quickly figure out whether you should use tu or toi?
For this or any other sentence, there is a really quick and simple way to work it out without having to consult your books about French grammar! In English, swap the word you for the word he, and see if it sounds right. Then swap it for the word him, and see if that sounds right. If you say “how is him”, you straight away know that sounds completely wrong, we don’t say that. It should of course be “how is he?”
Now try the same thing with the sentence “There is something for you”. If you say “There is something for he”, you know that doesn’t sound right. We would of course say “There is something for him”.
When you have established whether it is “he” or “him” which sounds right in English, we can use that knowledge to establish whether to use tu or toi in French after you have changed the word he or the word him back to the word you.
If in the English version of your sentence, the word “he” sounds correct, to say “you” In French we use tu:
How are you? — How is he? — How are you? — Comment vas-tu?
If in English the word “him” sounds correct, to say “you” In French we use toi:
There is something for you — There is something for him — There is something for you — Il y a quelque chose pour toi.
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